Why is niobium used in steel?
Niobium added to steel refines remarkably the cast structure and austenite structure of steel. An adequate and yet minimum quantity of niobium necessary for the refining control of austenite–grains in steel is 0.03 to 004%. 2. With an addition of niobium, the coarsening temperature of austenite-grains will rise.
Is niobium heat resistant?
Niobium is one of five refractory metals; this means it is highly resistant to extreme heat and wear. Its 4491°F (2477°C) melting point makes this metal and its alloys ideal for high pressure and high-temperature applications.
Does niobium react with water?
Niobium does not react with water under normal conditions. The surface of niobium metal is protected by a thin oxide layer.